Cloud Security Guide • 2025

Public Cloud Storage Data Leak Prevention

How Enterprises Stop Cloud Storage Breaches Before Data Is Exposed

Updated for 2025 Threat Landscape

Public cloud storage services such as :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}, :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}, and :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3} power nearly every modern application.

Unfortunately, these services are also responsible for thousands of data leaks every year — not due to platform flaws, but because of misconfigurations, exposed secrets, and weak identity controls.

This guide explains why cloud storage leaks happen and how security teams prevent them using proven 2025 best practices.

Why Public Cloud Storage Is a Major Attack Surface

Cloud storage is fast and scalable — which also makes it easy to misconfigure.

Commonly Stored Assets

  • Customer PII and identity records
  • Application backups and logs
  • API keys and environment files
  • Financial and compliance documents
  • Source code and build artifacts
  • Database snapshots and exports

If a bucket is accidentally made public, attackers can discover it within hours using automated scanning tools.

Public cloud is secure — misconfigurations are not.

Top Causes of Public Cloud Storage Data Leaks

1. Publicly Accessible Buckets

The most common cause of data leaks. Buckets configured with public read, write, or list permissions expose sensitive data instantly.

2. Exposed Configuration Files & API Keys

Buckets often contain .env files, credentials, and tokens that allow attackers to pivot deeper into the cloud environment.

3. Overly Permissive IAM Policies

IAM rules using wildcards (*) enable unauthorized access, lateral movement, and privilege escalation.

4. Missing Encryption

Unencrypted data at rest or in transit allows attackers to read files immediately once access is gained.

5. Misconfigured CORS Policies

Using Access-Control-Allow-Origin: * allows data theft via malicious websites.

6. Exposed Object URLs

Public object links often leak through GitHub, Slack, Jira, or email communications.

7. No Logging or Versioning

Without logging, breaches go unnoticed. Without versioning, recovery becomes impossible.

8. Public Backups & Snapshots

SQL dumps, VM snapshots, and full database exports are frequently uploaded to public buckets by mistake.

How Attackers Exploit Cloud Storage Misconfigurations

Scan for public buckets List accessible objects Download sensitive files Extract secrets & keys Move laterally in cloud Exfiltrate or ransom data

Most cloud breaches start with a single exposed storage bucket.

Cloud Storage Data Leak Prevention – 2025 Best Practices

  • Block public access by default on all storage accounts
  • Enforce strict IAM least-privilege policies
  • Enable object-level encryption (SSE / CMEK)
  • Turn on access logging and audit trails
  • Deploy Cloud DLP solutions
  • Enable versioning and object lock
  • Restrict CORS policies to trusted domains
  • Use CSPM / DSC tools for misconfiguration detection
  • Rotate secrets and store them securely
  • Classify and tag sensitive data

Cloud Storage Security Checklist

Security Control Status
Public access blocked ✔ / ❌
Least privilege IAM policies ✔ / ❌
Encryption at rest enabled ✔ / ❌
Encryption in transit (HTTPS/TLS) ✔ / ❌
Access logging & audit trails enabled ✔ / ❌
Bucket/object versioning enabled ✔ / ❌
Object lock / immutability configured ✔ / ❌
CORS policies restricted ✔ / ❌
Secrets & credentials excluded from storage ✔ / ❌
Regular permission reviews performed ✔ / ❌
Automated misconfiguration scanning (CSPM) ✔ / ❌
Data classification & tagging applied ✔ / ❌